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Everyday Electronics / Electrical / Mechanics / Thermodynamics / Electromagnetism Calculators
121 high-frequency electronics / electrical / mechanics / thermodynamics / electromagnetism calculators with SVG diagrams — enter parameters and get results instantly: resistor divider, DC-DC feedback resistors, TL431 feedback (flyback / forward), PCB impedance / current, motor sizing, power sizing, transformer, voltage drop, Coulomb’s law, Lorentz force, Faraday’s law, Carnot efficiency…
Thermodynamics
20 toolsIdeal Gas Law Calculator (PV=nRT)
Solve any one of pressure, volume, amount of substance or temperature from the ideal gas law PV = nRT, with Pa/kPa/bar/atm and m³/L/cm³/K/°C units.
PV = nRT ｜ R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)Boyle's Law Calculator (P₁V₁=P₂V₂)
In an isothermal process, gas pressure is inversely proportional to volume: given the initial pressure/volume and one final quantity, solve the other (temperature constant).
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (isothermal process, T constant)Charles's Law Calculator (V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂)
In an isobaric process, gas volume is proportional to absolute temperature: given any three of the initial/final volume/temperature, solve the fourth (pressure constant).
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ (isobaric process, P constant)Gay-Lussac's Law Calculator (P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂)
In an isochoric process, gas pressure is proportional to absolute temperature: given any three of the initial/final pressure/temperature, solve the fourth (volume constant).
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ (isochoric process, V constant)Specific Heat Calculator (Q=mcΔT)
Compute the heat absorbed or released when an object heats or cools via Q = m·c·ΔT, with results in joules / kilojoules / kilocalories and common material specific-heat references.
Q = m·c·ΔTLatent Heat Calculator (Q=mL)
Compute the heat absorbed or released during a phase change (melting / freezing / vaporization / condensation) via Q = m·L.
Q = m·LHeat Conduction Calculator (Fourier Q=kAΔT/L)
Compute steady heat conduction through a plate/wall via Fourier’s law Q = k·A·ΔT/L, with thermal resistance and heat flux per unit area.
Q = k·A·ΔT / LConvection Calculator (Newton’s Cooling Q=hAΔT)
Compute convective heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid via Newton’s law of cooling Q = h·A·(Ts − T∞), covering common natural/forced convection coefficients.
Q = h·A·(Ts − T∞)Thermal Radiation Calculator (Stefan–Boltzmann Q=εσAT⁴)
Compute thermal radiation power via the Stefan–Boltzmann law Q = ε·σ·A·T⁴, and enter the surroundings temperature to get net radiative heat transfer.
Q = ε·σ·A·T⁴ ｜ σ = 5.67×10⁻⁸ W/(m²·K⁴)Linear Thermal Expansion Calculator (ΔL=αL₀ΔT)
Compute linear expansion ΔL = α·L₀·ΔT and the expanded length for pipes, structures and precision parts.
ΔL = α·L₀·ΔTVolume Thermal Expansion Calculator (ΔV=βV₀ΔT)
Compute volume expansion ΔV = β·V₀·ΔT and the expanded volume; for solids β ≈ 3α, and liquids use their volume expansion coefficient.
ΔV = β·V₀·ΔT ｜ solid β ≈ 3αMechanical Equivalent of Heat Calculator (W=J·Q)
Convert between heat (calories) and mechanical work (joules): 1 cal = 4.1868 J, for estimating thermal–mechanical energy conversion.
W = J·Q ｜ J = 4.1868 J/calCarnot Efficiency Calculator (η=1−Tc/Th)
Compute the maximum efficiency of an ideal Carnot engine operating between hot reservoir Th and cold reservoir Tc, plus the Carnot refrigerator / heat pump coefficients.
η = 1 − Tc/Th (absolute temperature K)Heat Engine Efficiency Calculator (η=W/Qh)
Compute real heat engine efficiency η = W/Qh: given any two of heat input, heat rejection and work output, solve the third and the efficiency.
η = W / Qh = (Qh − Qc) / QhRefrigeration COP Calculator (COP=Qc/W)
Compute the refrigeration coefficient of performance COP = Qc/W: given cooling capacity and work input, output the COP and heat rejected to the hot side.
COP = Qc / WHeat Pump COP Calculator (COPₕ=Qh/W)
Compute the heat pump coefficient of performance COPₕ = Qh/W: given heating capacity and work input, output the COPₕ and heat absorbed from the cold side.
COPₕ = Qh / W = 1 + Qc/WEntropy Change Calculator (ΔS=Q/T)
Compute entropy change ΔS = Q/T for a reversible isothermal process: enter heat transfer and process temperature to get J/K and kJ/K.
ΔS = Q / T (reversible isothermal process)First Law of Thermodynamics Calculator (ΔU=Q−W)
Solve internal energy change, heat absorbed or work done via the first law ΔU = Q − W (energy conservation).
ΔU = Q − WGas Specific Heat & Adiabatic Index Calculator (γ=Cp/Cv)
Compute the relationship among constant-pressure Cp, constant-volume Cv and adiabatic index γ for an ideal gas, and verify Mayer’s relation Cp−Cv=R.
γ = Cp/Cv ｜ Cp − Cv = RMixture Temperature Calculator (Thermal Equilibrium)
Compute the final temperature when two substances reach thermal equilibrium: m₁c₁(T₁−T) = m₂c₂(T−T₂), with the heat exchanged.
T = (m₁c₁T₁ + m₂c₂T₂) / (m₁c₁ + m₂c₂)